The following movies show greater detail of the figures of spiral wave dynamics in the paper "Multiple Mechanisms of Spiral Wave Breakup in a Model of Cardiac Electrical Activity".
Breakup close to the tip due to steep APD restitution.
Breakup far from the tip due to discordant alternans.
Breakup far from the tip due to discordant alternans.
Breakup far from the tip due to discordant alternans.
Breakup from initial condition for APD restitution curve with two regions of slope less than one.
Stable spiral from intial condition for APD restitution curve with two regions of slope less than one.
Spiral wave with 2:1 block away from the tip.
Stable spiral wave with Doppler shift in frequencies due to cycloidal trajectory.
Initial breakup from Doppler shift-induced 2:1 block near the tip.
Evolution of breakup from Doppler shift-induced 2:1 block near the tip.
Breakup of spiral with hypocycloidal trajectory due to Doppler shift.
Breakup of a spiral with a linear core due to Doppler shift.
Secondary waves of depolarization due to Doppler shift at the spiral tip.
Breakup due to biphasic APD restitution.
Breakup due to supernormal CV restitution.
Drift of spiral trajectories due to periodic boundary conditions.
Breakup of a hypermeandering spiral due to periodic boundary conditions.
Stable hypermeandering spiral wave with all no-flux boundary conditions.
Contracting scroll ring due to negative tension.
Expanding scroll ring due to positive tension.
Breakup due to negative tension.
Stable 2D spiral (breaks in 3D with rotational anisotropy twist instability, Figure 37).
Breakup due to rotational anisotropy twist instability.
Breakup due to coarse discretization with rotational anisotropy.
Breakup in the LR-I model with fast calcium dynamics (factor of 2).
Vortex interactions: new ring appears and collapses.
Vortex interactions: new ring appears and fuses with existing vortex.
Vortex interactions: new ring pinched off existing vortex.
